Chemistry,
   Introduction to Chemistry

• Hardness, colour, magnetisability, water solubility
• Combustibility, melting point
• Boiling point

• Sublimation
• Properties of mixtures
• Liquid mixtures
• Sedimentation analysis
• Evaporation
• Filtration
• Recovery of sodium chloride
• Separation
• Extraction
• Chromatography of chlorophyll pigments

• Demonstrating the presence of oxygen
• Demonstrating the presence of nitrogen
• Demonstrating the presence of carbon dioxide
• Demonstrating the presence of various salts (flame coloration)

• Oxidation of metals
• Dependence of the reaction behaviour of metals
• Oxygen, cause of oxidation
• The role of air in combustion processes
• Air, a mixture
• Properties of oxygen
• Carbon dioxide in air and elsewhere
• Model of a fire extinguisher
• Design and operation of a Bunsen burner
• The candle flame
• Rust - 'silent combustion'
• Reduction of silver oxide
• Reduction of copper oxide
• Reduction of lead oxide, model of a blast furnace

TESS Chemistry Box 2                 13298-88

• Water content of fruits and vegetables
• Dissolved components of water from various places
• Comparison - solubility of salts and gases in water
• Water purification in treatment plants
• Hardness of water
• Analysis of water
• Water, an oxide
• Decomposition of water by means of reducing agents
• Dissolution processes in liquids
• Dissolution of salts
• Crystallisation

• General safety precautions when handling acids
• Dangers of concentrated sulphuric acid
• Plant pigments as an indicator
• Effect of acids on indicators
• Effect of acids on metals
• Acid strength
• Appearance and properties of hydrochloric acid
• PVC - potential former of hydrochloric acid
• Appearance and properties of carbonic acid
• Fossil fuels and acid rain
• Brönsted acids: Comparison of the acidity of an aqueous citric acid solution to that of an acetonic one
• Precautions when handling bases
• Bases, component of household cleaning products
• Production and properties of lime water
• Production and properties of caustic soda
• Reaction of bases with aluminium – Base strength

• Formation of salts by reaction of acids with bases
• Formation of salts by reaction of acids with metal oxides
• Formation of salts from elements
• Formation of salts by precipitation
• Hydrolysis of salts
• Polar and non-polar substances
• The behaviour of salts in solvents of different polarity

• Corrosion
• Rust removal and rust converters
• Corrosion prevention through hot-dip galvanisation
• Plaster production
• Plaster processing
• Plaster moulds
• Cement processing
• Autoclaved aerated concrete
• Mineral components of plants
• Mineral uptake of plants
• Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
• Use of quick lime as fertiliser
• Soda-lime-silica glass beads

• Decomposition of organic substances
• Demonstrating the presence of carbon using lime water
• Demonstrating the presence of carbon via oxidation
• Demonstrating the presence of oxygen
• Demonstrating the presence of nitrogen
• Demonstrating the presence of sulphur
• Beilstein test

• Structure of methane
• Homologous series of alkanes
• Reactivity of alkanes
• Structure of ethene
• Structure of acetylene
• Naphthalene
• Petroleum deposits
• Deparaffinisation via extraction
• Deparaffinisation using urea

• Alcoholic fermentation
• Borax bead test
• Iodoform test
• Properties of homologous series
• Oxidation of alcanols
• Schiff test and Fehling's test
• Structure of acetone
• Use of formic acid
• Structure of acetic acid
• Acidic character of alkanoic acids
• Iron chloride test/Formation of cupric acetate
• Esters of acetic acid
• Esters of various alkanoic acids
• Ester cleavage

• Production of soap
• Soap properties
• Effects of soap

Student experiments, Chemistry         01841-02