Physical Chemistry, Material Properties

Brownian molecular motion

Principle

Molecules in liquids are relatively free to move. They can transfer their energy to neighbouring molecules, causing them to oscillate. This allows the motion of the molecules to be observed indirectly simply using a microscope.

Quantitative analysis of oxides

Osmosis: a "chemical garden"

Principle

One impressive example of osmotic processes is the "chemical garden". Metal salts dropped into a solution of sodium silicate react with the silicate immediately, forming non-soluble silicate shells, which stop the reaction from proceeding further. However the shells ...

Melting point determination

Boiling point determination

Determination of the densities of liquids and solids

Properties of matter: Determination of the density of gases

Particle motion (diffusion, thermal agitation)

The law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions

Osmosis - dependence of the osmotic pressure on the concen-tration

Determination of molar masses via a measurement of the boi-ling point elevation (ebullioscopy)

Determination of molar masses via a measurement of the free-zing point depression (cryoscopy)

Enthalpy and entropy as driving forces of chemical reactions

Thermal decomposition of water - example of an endothermicprocess