Distillation

Distillation

Principle

In the experiment introduced here, a mixture of water and methylated spirits made up by students themselves is to be separated into its components. The alcohol contained in the mixture will be distilled and collected in a conical flask. The simple distillation ...

Fractional petroleum distillation

Model experiment on the fractional distillation of petroleum

Principle

When the model experiment on the distillation of petroleum is conducted using the comprehensive chemistry/biotechnology experiments system, the glass equipment clearly stands out against the dark background of the large-format base plate.  The strong contra ...

Distillation - determination of the alcohol content of wine

Principle

If the alcohol content of a wine is determined directly with an alcohol meter (hydrometer), the resulting alcohol content reading is approximately 0% by volume. This is due to the composition of the wine. The effect of the alcohol on the density is cancelled ...

Distillation apparatus for medium quantities

Fractionated distillation with two bubble tray columns

Rectification - the number of theoretical trays in a distillation column

Principle

The separation power of a rectification (fractionating) column can be determined using an appropriate binary mixture whose equilibrium composition is measured in the distillation flask and in the domed glass head of the distillation apparatus. The number of theoret ...

Fractional distillation with the bubble tray column (with the Cobra3 Chem-Unit)

Principle

In countercurrent distillation (rectification) using a column, the rising vapour can enter into interactions with the condensate. In this manner, a fractional distillation, i.e. a distillation in several steps for the separation of substances with similar boiling po ...