Structural Analysis - X-Ray

Examination of the structure of NaCl monocrystals with dif-ferent orientations

Principle

The spectra of the X-rays that are reflected with various different orientations by NaCl monocrystals are analysed. The associated interplanar spacings are determined based on the Bragg angles of the characteristic lines.

Tasks

X-ray investigation of cubic crystal structures / Debye-Scherrer powder method

Principle

When polycrystalline samples are irradiated with X-rays a characteristic diffraction pattern results. These Debye-Scherrer reflections are photographed and then evaluated.

Tasks

1. Debye-Scherrer photographs are ...

X-ray investigation of hexagonal crystal structures / De-bye-Scherrer powder method

Principle

A polycrystalline zirconium foil is irradiated with X-rays. The resulting Debye-Scherrer reflections are photographed and then evaluated.

Tasks

1. Take Debye-Scherrer photographs of the zirconium sample.
...

X-ray investigation of crystal structures / Laue method

Principle

Laue diagrams are produced when monocrystals are irradiated with polychromatic X-rays. This method is primarily used for the determination of crystal symmetries and the orientation of crystals. When a LiF monocrystal is irradiated with polychromatic ...

Determination of length and position of an object which can-not be seen

Principle

This experiment provides training in determining the length and position of an object based on an X-ray image. A metal pin that is embedded in a wooden block is used as the model. This experiment is also an excellent preparatory exercise for demonstra ...

Debye-Scherrer diffraction patterns of powder samples withthree cubic Bravais lattices (Bragg-Brentano-geometry)

Principle

Polycrystalline powder samples, which crystallize in the three cubic Bravais types, simple, face-centered and body-centered, are irradiated with the radiation from a Roentgen tube with a copper anode. A swivelling Geiger-Mueller counter tube detects t ...

Debye-Scherrer diffractions pattern of powder samples with adiamond structure (according to Bragg-Brentano)

Principle

Polycrystalline powder samples, which crystallize in the three cubic Bravais types, simple, face-centered and body-centered, are irradiated with the radiation from a Roentgen tube with a copper anode. A swivelling Geiger-Mueller counter tube detects t ...

Debye-Scherrer diffraction patterns of powder samples with ahexagonal lattice structure

Principle

A polycrystalline powder sample of zinc is irradiated with the radiation from a X-ray tube with a copper anode. A Geiger-Mueller counter tube is automatically swivelled to detect the radiation that is constructively reflected from the various lattice ...

Debye-Scherrer diffraction patterns of powder samples with atetragonal lattice structure

Principle

A polycrystalline powder sample of lead dioxide is irradiated with the radiation from a X-ray tube with a copper anode. A Geiger-Mueller counter tube is automatically swivelled to detect the radiation that is constructively reflected from the various ...

Debye-Scherrer diffraction patterns with a cubic powder sam-ple

Principle

A cubic crystalline powder sample is irradiated with the radiation from a X-ray tube with a copper anode. A Geiger-Mueller counter tube is automatically swivelled to detect the radiation that is constructively reflected from the various lattice planes ...

Diffraction measurements to determine the intensity of De-bye-Scherrer reflexes using a cubic powder sample

Principle

A polycrystalline, cubic face-centered crystallizing powder sample is irradiated with the radiation from a Roentgen tube with a copper anode. A Geiger-Mueller counter tube is automatically swivelled to detect the radiation that is constructively refle ...

Debye-Scherrer diffraction measurements for the examination of the texture of rolled sheets

Principle

A polycrystalline, cubic face-centered crystallizing copper powder sample and a thin copper sheet are separately irradiated with the radiation from a Roentgen tube with a copper anode. A Geiger-Mueller counter tube is automatically swivelled to detect ...

X-ray energy spectroscopy - calibration of the X-ray energydetector

Principle

Various metal samples are subjected to polychromatic X-rays. The resulting fluorescence radiation is analysed with the aid of a semiconductor detector and a multi-channel analyser. The maxima of intensity of the corresponding characteristic X-ray line ...

Energy resolution of the X-ray energy detector

Principle

Various metal samples are subjected to polychromatic X-rays. The resulting fluorescence radiation is analysed with the aid of a semiconductor detector and a multi-channel analyser. The energy of the characteristic X-ray lines and their full widths at ...

Inherent fluorescence radiation of the X-ray energy detector

Principle

Fluorescence radiation of the elements of a sample can cause fluorescence radiation inside the detector and its housing if the energy is sufficiently high. As a result, the spectrum may include lines that are not caused by the sample. For the detectio ...