Laboratory Materials

Calorimetric temperature measurement

Principle

Calorimetry can also be used to determine the temperature of a hot object that is difficult to measured by any other method, e.g. because it is too hot for the thermometers available. The heatcontent of the object can be calculated from the mixture t ...

Conversion of mechanical energy into internal energy

Principle

Different forms of energy can be converted into each other. Here the potential energy of steel pellets is converted to heat when falling pellets collide.

Tasks

Let the pellets dro ...

Melting and freezing curve of sodium thiosulphate

Principle

How does a temperature curve express the change of state of a substance that occurs when it is heated or cooled?

Tasks

Heat sodium thiosulphate until it melts and let it cool down again. Measure the behaviour of the ...

Evaporation

Principle

Drinks can be cooled by putting the bottle in a moist sock and letting the sock dry. The same process occurs when our bodies are cooled by sweating. The change in temperature that occurs is to be examined in this experiment.

Tasks

Uniform accelerated motion on an inclined plane, s ~ t²

Principle

A body experiences uniform accelerated motion on an inclined plane due to the gravitational forces exerted on it. The motion of the cart is in a straight line and characterized by a temporally constant change in speed.

Impulse and momentum

Principle

An impulse is described as the change in momentum by a force applied upon a body for a small interval of time. The momentum is defined here as the product of force and time and is conserved if no friction loss occurs. This means that in a closed syste ...

Conservation of momentum during central elastic collision

Principle

An impulse is a change in momentum caused by a force F in a short amount of time. The momentum p is defined here as the product of force F and time t and is conserved if no friction loss occurs and the collision is elastic. This means that in a closed ...

Definition of the magnetic flux density with Cobra4

Principle

Magnetism is a phenomenon that can be attributed to electromagnetic interaction. It manifests itself through the force that acts on magnetisable material and moving electric charges. The force is hereby conveyed via a magnetic field. Measurement is ma ...

Voltage of a concentration cell

Principle

The electric potential of a metal in a salt solution of it is dependent on the concentration of the solution. A potential difference can be measured between solutions of different concentrations when they are connected electrically conducting to one ...

Determination of the solubility product of silver chloride

Prinzip

The electrical potential of a metal in a solution of one of its salts is dependent on the concentration of the solution. Potential differences can be measured between solutions of different concentrations which are connected to each other to be electric ...

Determination of pH values and calibration of pH-electrodes Basic principles of pH measurement

Principle

In single rod pH measuring chains (pH-electrodes), the glass electrode reacts to a change in the concentration of hydronium ions by a change in potential. This property is utilised in measuring devices intended to determine pH values. This experiment ...

Connection between conductivity and electrode surface

Principle

Whether solid, liquid or gaseous, all substances which have mobile charge carriers show a finite ohmic resistance and, with this, a measurable conductance or electric conductivity. The electric conductivity of a solution depends, among others, on the ...

Connection between conductivity and kind of ion

Principle

The electric conductivity of a solution is dependent on, among others, the type of solvent, the concentration and degree of dissociation of the dissolved substance, the temperature of the solution and the electrode size and configuration.

Th ...

Change in conductivity diluting different salt solutions

Principle

The electric conductivity of a solution depends, among others, on the type of solvent, the quantity and degree of dissociation of the dissolved substance, the temperature of the solution and the electrode size and configuration.

In this expe ...

Specific conductivity of acetic acid

Principle

The electric conductivity of a solution is dependent on, among others, the type of solvent, the amount and degree of dissociation of the dissolved substance, the temperature of the solution and the electrode size and configuration.

Acetic ac ...