Physics

Subjective colour mixing with the colour wheel

Principle

If a circular disc separated into various differently coloured sectors is rotated by a motor so fast that the eye can no longer distinguish the colours, a mixed colour is then perceived. By varying the composition and size of the sectors, it is possible to give the ...

Comparison of different types of collectors with a collector test field

Principle

A collector test field can be used to investigate the temperature response of four differently designed solar collectors. It also demonstrates the effect of the absorber's colour, of heat insulation and covering of the glass. Measurements are made simultan ...

Conversion of radiation energy into electric energy

Principle

A 2-V motor can be driven with the help of a solar battery with four cells connected in series. It is particularly impressive if it is not only used to turn a lightweight disc, but to drive a heavy vehicle.

Measurement of length

Principle

The students should measure length, diameter, and hole depth of various objects with a measuring tape and/or vernier caliper as possible. In doing this they should choose and use the more suitable measuring device. The results should be entered in the ...

Measurement of time

Principle

The student should count the oscillations of a pendulum while timing them with the aid of a stopwatch. To determine the dependence of the oscillation period on  the length of the pendulum is shortened by 50% in the second part of the experiment. ...

Determination of the mass of solid and liquid bodies

Principle

1. The students should determine the mass of solid bodies with the aid of a balance. 

2. The measurement of the mass of liquids can only be performed using a container. The students should determine the mass from the difference of two m ...

Determination of the volume of regular and irregular bodies

Principle

The students should determine the volume of 3 solid bodies. In doing this they should know that the cubic meter (m³) is the unit of volume and also that the term liter (l) is very common.

1. On immersion of a solid body i ...

Determination of the density of solids

Principle

In the previous experiments on determination of mass and volume (ME 1.3 and ME 1.4), the students have learned that both metal columns have the same volume but different masses. They know that the two objects consist of iron and aluminium. Obviou ...

Determination of the density of liquids

Principle

In the determination of the density of solids in Experiment ME 1.5, the density was determined as the quotient of mass and volume from a weighing to determine the mass and measurement of volume by different methods. As a prerequisite for this experime ...

Determination of the density of air

Principle

The density of gases can, in principle, be determined in the same way as for solid bodies and liquids: by measuring the mass, the volume and forming the quotient.

Since the density of gases is much less than that of solid bodies or ...

Measurement of forces

Principle

The students should become acquainted with the dependence of the reading of spring balances on their orientation and with their adjustment.

With the spring balance adjusted for use in the normal vertical position, the weight F in N ...

Force and reaction

Principle

1. The students should learn with the help of the spring balance that a force on a body can only be exerted when a counterforce acts on it simultaneously.

2. Using two spring balances, the students should experimentally determine that the fo ...

Weight

Principle

The students are to determine the weight which a mass experiences in the earth's gravitational field with a spring balance. They should know that force is measured in N = kg  m?s² and recognize that weight is proportional to mass.&nbs ...

Weight

Principle

"A mass is not only inert but also heavy." Which is intended to mean that not only is a force necessary to accelerate a mass, but also that each mass in the earth's gravitional field experiences a force, the force of weight. The force of weight is to ...

Hooke's Law

Principle

The students should verify the declaration of Hooke's Law, i.e. the proportionality of force and extension within the elasticity range of an elastic body, with measurements on 2 helical springs having different spring constants. These springs will be ...