Modern Physics

Visualisation of radioactive particles/ diffusion cloud chamber

Principle

Radioactivity is a subject in our society which has been playing an important role throughout politics, economy and media for many years now. The fact that this radiation cannot be seen or felt by the human being and that the effects of this radiation are still not ...

Alpha energies of different sources with the multi-channelanalyser

Principle

An Alpha-spectrometer, consisting of a photodetector, a preamplifier, a pulse height analyser and a recording device for registration of the spectra is calibrated by means of an open Alpha-emitter of known Alpha energy (241Am). The energy spectrum of a radium source ...

Rutherford experiment with the digital counter

Principle

The relationship between the angle of scattering and the rate of scattering of alpha-particles by gold foil is examined with a semiconductor detector. This detector has a detection probability of 1for alpha-particles and virtually no zero effect, so t ...

Rutherford experiment with the multi-channel analyser

Principle

The relationship between the angle of scattering and the rate of scattering of alpha-particles by gold foil is examined with a semiconductor detector. This detector has a detection probability of 1for alpha-particles and virtually no zero effect, so t ...

Fine structure of the alpha spectrum of Am-241 with the multi channel analyser alpha spectroscopy

Principle

The alpha-spectrum of an open 241Am-emitter is measured with a semiconductor a-detector, maximum use being made in this case of the resolution capacity of the pulse height analyzer. Use is made for this purpose of the "Zoom" function, which is an additional ...

Study of the alpha energies of Ra-226 with the multi-channelanalyser

Principle

An alpha-spectrometer, consisting of a silicon surface barrier layer detector, a preamplifier, a pulse height analyser and a recording device for registration of the spectra is calibrated by means of an open alpha-emitter of known alpha-energy (241Am) ...

Energy loss of alpha particles in gases with the multi channel analyser

Principle

A study is made of the connection between the energy E of alpha-particles and the path x travelled by them in air at standard pressure. The measurements recorded enable the differencial energy loss dE/dx to be calculated as a function of x.

Tasks

Electron absorption

Principle

The attenuation of an electron particle stream passing through a material layer depends both on the thickness of the layer and on the mass coverage, resp. the "mass per unit area". It will be shown that the particle flux consisting of electrons of a particular energ ...

Beta spectroscopy

Principle

The radiation of ?-unstable atomic nuclei is selected on the basis of its pulses in a magnetic transverse field, using a diaphragm system. The relationship between coil current and particle energy is determined for calibration of the spectrometer and ...

Inverse-square law and absorption of gamma or beta rays with the Geiger-Müller counter

Principle

The inverse square law of distance is demonstrated with the gamma radiation from a 60Co preparation, the half-value thickness and absorption coefficient of various materials determined with the narrow beam system and the corresponding mass attenuation coefficient ca ...

Inverse-square law and absorption of gamma or beta rays with Cobra3

Energy dependence of the gamma absorption coefficient with the multi-channel analyser Gamma spectroscopy

Principle

The intensity of gamma-radiation decreases when it passes through solid matter. The attenuation can be the result of Compton scattering, the photo effect or the pair production. An absorption coefficient can be attributed to each of the three phenomen ...

Compton effect with the multi-channel analyser

Principle

The energy of scattered gamma-radiation is measured as a function of the angle of scatter. The Compton wavelength is determined from the measured values.

Tasks

1. Calibrate the measuring set-up with the aid of a ...

Internal conversion in 137m Ba with the multi-channel analyser

Principle

The radiation emitted during the decay of the 137Cs isotope is measured with a scintillation detector and the energyspectrum determined with a pulse height analyzer. The spectrum contains fractions due to a gamma-transition and fractions originating f ...

Photonuclear cross-section/ Compton scattering cross-section with the multi channel analyser

Principle

The radiation of 137Cs and 22Na is measured with a scintillation detector and the energy spectrum determined with a pulse height analyzer. The fractions of the spectra caused by Compton scattering and those caused by the photoelectric effect are determined ...