Principle
In 1811, Avogadro stated his hypothesis that under the same
conditions of pressure and temperature, equal volumes of all gases
contain equal numbers of components (molecules, atoms). He derived
this from the uniformity of the behaviour of (ideal) gases on
increases in temperature and pressure (see the Gas Laws) and the
Law of Volumes. When Avogadro's supposition is correct, then 6
parts by volume of CO and 3 parts by volume of O2 must form 6 parts
by volume of CO2 when
pressure and temperature are the same before and after the
reaction. Similarly, at a temperature a little above 100°C, a gas
mixture containing 6 parts by volume of H2 and 3 parts by volume of 02 must give 6 parts by volume of
steam, and a mixture containing 5 parts by volume of H2 and 5 parts by volume of
Cl2 must give 1 0 parts by
volume of HCI. In the following experiments we will carry out the
reactions named above to test the correctness of the
hypothesis.
Benefits
- Safe and controlled test procedure by slow eudiometer
- Practical gas bar for storing the gases
- Special heater for glass jacket for optimal temperature control
Tasks
Perform the following reactions to verify Avogadro's law:
- Preparation of carbon monoxide and chlorine
- The carbon monoxide/oxygen reaction
- The hydrogen/oxygen reaction at above 100°C
- The hydrogen/chlorine reaction at above 100°C
What you can learn about
- Avogadro's law
- Gas laws
- Carbon monoxide
- Hydrogen
- Chlorine
- Oxygen
Necessary accessories
- Precision balance 620g/0.001g