Toluene: Bromination in the nucleus
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Principle Bromine is polarised and, thereby, activated by zinc chloride as
a Lewis acid. It can attach itself in an ionic manner to the
toluene nucleus via several complex intermediate stages. Following
a dehydrobromination, bromotoluene is formed, i.e. the product of
bromination in the nucleus.
In the absence of a catalyst and under the influence of light,
however, side-chain bromination takes place via radical
intermediate stages. The reaction can be controlled in a targeted
manner by varying the reaction conditions. Benefits - Secure connection of the items by GL screw joint system
- Stable and safe setup due to solid stand material
Tasks - Brominate toluene using bromine.
- Change the reaction conditions to optimize your results.
- Distillate the resulting mixture.
Learning objectives - Bromine
- Toluene
- Lewis acid
- Bromination
- Distillation
Scope of delivery |
Tripod base, triangular, for 6 rods
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02007-55
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1
| |
Stand rods, stainless steel, various sizes
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02037-00
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2
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Retort stand, h = 750 mm
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37694-00
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1
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Right angle boss-head clamp
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37697-00
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3
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Universal clamp
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37715-01
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3
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Lab jack, 200 x 200 mm
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02074-01
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1
| |
Three-neck round bottom flasks, various volumes
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MAU-27220501
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1
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Liebig Condenser, with head, GL18/8
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MAU-27223000
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1
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Dropping funnel, 50 ml, Gl 18
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MAU-27222000
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1
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Round-bottom flask, 50 ml
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MAU-27220001
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5
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Adapter for 4 flasks, GL25
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MAU-27227500
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1
| |
Crystallising dishes, Boro, various sizes
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46244-00
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1
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Lab thermometer,w.stem,-10..+250C
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38061-01
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1
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Magnetic stirring bar 15 mm, cylindrical
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46299-01
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1
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Magnetic stirring bar 30 mm, cylindrical
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46299-02
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1
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Magnetic stirring bar, 50 mm, cylindrical
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46299-03
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1
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Separator for magnetic bars
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35680-03
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1
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Graduated cylinders, Boro, various sizes
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36627-00
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2
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Beakers, Boro, low form, various sizes
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46055-00
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1
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Secure bottle, 500 ml, 2 x Gl 18/8, 1 x 25/12
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34170-01
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1
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Spring manometer, 0...-1000 mbar
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34170-02
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1
| |
Glass tube,right-angled,.
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MAU-10030703
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1
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Glass tubes, right-angled, 150 x 80 mm
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MAU-10022500
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1
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Stopcock,3-way,t-shaped, glass
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36731-00
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1
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Water jet pump, plastic
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02728-00
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1
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Funnels (glass), Boro, various sizes
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34457-00
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1
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Test tube, laboratory glass, various lengths, 100 pcs.
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37656-10
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1
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Test tube rack, wood, for 6 tubes d= 22mm
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MAU-20042200
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1
| |
Pasteur pipettes, 250 pcs
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36590-00
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1
| |
Rubber caps, 10 pcs
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39275-03
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1
| |
Bromine filler w. rubber cap
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45100-00
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1
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Rubber gloves, size L (9), one pair
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39324-00
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1
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Teclu burner, DIN, natural gas
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32171-05
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1
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Safety gas tubing, DVGW, sold by metre
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39281-10
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1
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Lighter f.natural/liquified gases
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38874-00
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1
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Hose clip f.12-20 diameter tube
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40995-00
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2
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Hose clip, diam. 8-16 mm, 1 pc.
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40996-02
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2
| |
Spoon, special steel
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33398-00
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1
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Glass rod,boro 3.3,l=300mm, d=7mm
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40485-05
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1
| |
Wash bottle, plastic, 500 ml
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33931-00
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1
| |
Rubber hose, various diameters
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39282-00
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3
| |
Rubber hose for vacuum, various diameters
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39286-00
|
2
| |
Silicone oil 500 ml
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31849-50
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1
| |
Dichloromethane 250 ml
|
31255-25
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1
| |
Toluene 250 ml
|
30236-25
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1
| |
Bromine-Solution, 250 ml
|
30046-25
|
1
| |
Zinc chloride, dry, 250 g
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31983-25
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1
| |
Nitric acid , 65% 1000 ml
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30213-70
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1
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Copper foil, 0.1 mm, 100 g
|
30117-10
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1
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Service
