Avogadro's law Principle In 1811, Avogadro stated his hypothesis that under the same conditions of pressure and temperature, equal volumes of all gases contain equal numbers of components (molecules, atoms). He derived this from the uniformity of the behaviour of (ideal) gases on increases in temperature and pressure (see the Gas Laws) and the Law of Volumes. When Avogadro's supposition is correct, then 6 parts by volume of CO and 3 parts by volume of O2 must form 6 parts by volume of CO2 when pressure and temperature are the same before and after the reaction. Similarly, at a temperature a little above 100°C, a gas mixture containing 6 parts by volume of H2 and 3 parts by volume of 02 must give 6 parts by volume of steam, and a mixture containing 5 parts by volume of H2 and 5 parts by volume of Cl2 must give 1 0 parts by volume of HCI. In the following experiments we will carry out the reactions named above to test the correctness of the hypothesis. Benefits - Safe and controlled test procedure by slow eudiometer
- Practical gas bar for storing the gases
- Special heater for glass jacket for optimal temperature control
Tasks Perform the following reactions to verify Avogadro's law: - Preparation of carbon monoxide and chlorine
- The carbon monoxide/oxygen reaction
- The hydrogen/oxygen reaction at above 100°C
- The hydrogen/chlorine reaction at above 100°C
Learning objectives - Avogadro's law
- Gas laws
- Carbon monoxide
- Hydrogen
- Chlorine
- Oxygen
Necessary accessories - Precision balance 620g/0.001g
Scope of delivery
Glass jacket
|
02615-00
|
1
|
Plunger eudiometer
|
02611-00
|
1
|
Ignition spark generator
|
11155-00
|
1
|
Connecting cord, 30 kV, 1000 mm
|
07367-00
|
2
|
Gas bar
|
40466-00
|
2
|
Heating apparatus for glass jacket system
|
32246-93
|
1
|
Power regulator
|
32288-93
|
1
|
Support base DEMO
|
02007-55
|
1
|
Stand rods, stainless steel, various sizes
|
02031-00
|
2
|
Stand rods, stainless steel, various sizes
|
02037-00
|
2
|
Retort stand, h = 750 mm
|
37694-00
|
1
|
Right angle boss-head clamp
|
37697-00
|
3
|
Universal clamp
|
37715-01
|
3
|
Round bottom flask, 100ml, GL 25/12
|
MAU-27100001
|
1
|
Funnel for gas generator, 50 ml, GL18
|
MAU-27222500
|
1
|
Gas syringe, 100 ml
|
02614-00
|
1
|
Syringe 10ml, Luer, 100 pcs
|
02590-10
|
1
|
Cannula 0,45x13 mm, Luer, 20 pcs
|
02598-10
|
1
|
Lab thermometer,-10..+150C
|
38058-00
|
2
|
Steel cylinder oxygen, 2 l, filled
|
41778-00
|
1
|
Steel cylinder hydrogen, 2 l, full
|
41775-00
|
1
|
Reducing valve f.oxygen
|
33482-00
|
1
|
Reducing valve for hydrogen
|
33484-00
|
1
|
Table stand for 2 l steel cylinders
|
41774-00
|
2
|
Wrench for steel cylinders
|
40322-00
|
1
|
Teclu burner, DIN, natural gas
|
32171-05
|
1
|
Safety gas tubing, DVGW, sold by metre
|
39281-10
|
1
|
Hose clip f.12-20 diameter tube
|
40995-00
|
2
|
Lighter f.natural/liquified gases
|
38874-00
|
1
|
Silicone tubing, various diameters
|
39296-00
|
2
|
Funnels (glass), Boro, various sizes
|
34457-00
|
1
|
Beakers, Boro, high form, various sizes
|
46027-00
|
1
|
Graduated beaker, 1000 ml, plastic (PP)
|
36640-00
|
1
|
Spoon, special steel
|
33398-00
|
1
|
Boiling beads, 200 g
|
36937-20
|
1
|
Formic acid 75% 250 ml
|
30023-25
|
1
|
Sulphuric acid, 95-97%, 500 ml
|
30219-50
|
1
|
Hydrochloric acid 37 %, 1000 ml
|
30214-70
|
1
|
Potassium permanganate, chem. pur., 250 g
|
30108-25
|
1
|
Sodium chloride, 500 g
|
30155-50
|
1
|
Water, distilled 5 l
|
31246-81
|
1
|
Lab protecting glasses with UV filter
|
39315-00
|
1
|
Base plate for support base DEMO
|
02007-01
|
1
|
|