(function () { function textOf(el) { return (el && el.textContent || "").replace(/\s+/g, " ").trim(); } function resolveItemUrl() { var match = window.location.search.match(/[?&]item=(\d+)/); if (!match) { return null; } return window.location.origin + "/a-" + match[1] + "/"; } function loadAccordion() { var url = resolveItemUrl(); if (!url) { return Promise.resolve(null); } return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.open("GET", url, true); xhr.onload = function () { if (xhr.status < 200 || xhr.status >= 400) { reject(new Error("item page " + xhr.status)); return; } var doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString(xhr.responseText, "text/html"); resolve(doc.querySelector(".phywe-item-accordion")); }; xhr.onerror = function () { reject(new Error("item page network error")); }; xhr.send(); }); } function parseItemBlocks(scope, withQuantity) { if (!scope) { return []; } var rows = scope.querySelectorAll(".itemslist .row.itemblocks"); var items = []; for (var i = 0; i < rows.length; i++) { var cols = rows[i].children; if (!cols.length) { continue; } var nameLink = cols[0].querySelector("a"); var numberLink = cols[1] ? cols[1].querySelector("a") : null; var item = { name: textOf(nameLink || cols[0]), mappedTo: textOf(numberLink) }; if (withQuantity && cols[2]) { var qty = parseInt(textOf(cols[2]).replace(/[^\d]/g, ""), 10); item.quantity = isNaN(qty) ? textOf(cols[2]) : String(qty); } if (item.name) { items.push(item); } } return items; } function fillTable(tableId, items, withQuantity) { var table = document.getElementById(tableId); if (!table || !items.length) { return; } var tbody = table.querySelector("tbody"); for (var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) { var tr = document.createElement("tr"); var nameTd = document.createElement("td"); nameTd.style.width = "80%"; nameTd.textContent = items[i].name; tr.appendChild(nameTd); var numberTd = document.createElement("td"); numberTd.textContent = items[i].mappedTo; tr.appendChild(numberTd); if (withQuantity) { var qtyTd = document.createElement("td"); qtyTd.textContent = items[i].quantity || ""; tr.appendChild(qtyTd); } tbody.appendChild(tr); } var wrapper = table.parentElement; while (wrapper && wrapper.className.indexOf("printtablediv") === -1) { wrapper = wrapper.parentElement; } if (wrapper) { wrapper.style.display = ""; } } function stepTitle(stepEl) { if (!stepEl) { return ""; } var titleEl = stepEl.querySelector(".card-header button div") || stepEl.querySelector(".card-header button"); return textOf(titleEl); } function setHeadline(tableId, title) { var headline = document.querySelector("#" + tableId + " .printtableheadline"); if (headline && title) { headline.textContent = title; } } function parseMedia(scope) { if (!scope) { return []; } var rows = scope.querySelectorAll(".itemslist .row.itemblocks"); var items = []; for (var i = 0; i < rows.length; i++) { var cols = rows[i].children; if (!cols.length) { continue; } var nameLink = cols[0].querySelector("a"); var fileLink = cols[1] ? cols[1].querySelector("a") : null; var item = { name: textOf(nameLink || cols[0]), mappedTo: textOf(fileLink || cols[1]), quantity: cols[2] ? textOf(cols[2]) : "" }; if (item.name) { items.push(item); } } return items; } function fillFromAccordion(accordion) { if (!accordion) { return; } var versucheStep = accordion.querySelector('[data-step="versuche"]'); var versuche = parseItemBlocks(versucheStep, false); setHeadline("print-versuche", stepTitle(versucheStep)); fillTable("print-versuche", versuche, false); var lieferumfangStep = accordion.querySelector('[data-step="lieferumfang"]'); var lieferumfang = parseItemBlocks(lieferumfangStep, true); fillTable("print-lieferumfang", lieferumfang, true); var zubehoer = accordion.querySelector('[data-step="zubehoer"]'); var sections = zubehoer ? zubehoer.querySelectorAll(".card-body") : []; var notwendig = []; var empfohlen = []; for (var i = 0; i < sections.length; i++) { var items = parseItemBlocks(sections[i], false); if (sections[i].querySelector(".text-red, .icon-warning-black")) { notwendig = items; } else if (sections[i].querySelector(".text-green, .icon-Mehrwert_black")) { empfohlen = items; } } fillTable("print-zubehoer-notwendig", notwendig, false); fillTable("print-zubehoer-empfohlen", empfohlen, false); var mediaStep = accordion.querySelector('[data-step="media"]'); var media = parseMedia(mediaStep); setHeadline("print-media", stepTitle(mediaStep)); fillTable("print-media", media, true); } function start() { var itemUrl = resolveItemUrl(); if (!itemUrl) { setTimeout(function () { window.print(); }, 2000); return; } loadAccordion() .then(function (accordion) { fillFromAccordion(accordion); }) .catch(function (err) { if (window.console && console.warn) { console.warn("Accordion konnte nicht geladen werden:", resolveItemUrl(), err); } }) .then(function () { setTimeout(function () { window.print(); }, 500); }); } if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", start); } else { start(); } })();
 

Technical data


Quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis of alloyed materials

Article no: P2545005
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Principle

Various alloyed materials are subjected to polychromatic X-rays. The energy of the resulting fluorescence radiation is analysed with the aid of a semiconductor detector and a multichannel analyser. The energy of the corresponding characteristic X-ray fluorescence lines is determined. In order to determine the concentration of the alloy constituents, the intensity of their respective fluorescence signals is compared to that of the pure elements.

Tasks

  1. Calibration of the semiconductor energy detector with the aid of the characteristic radiation of the tungsten X-ray tube.
  2. Recording of the fluorescence spectra that are produced by the alloyed samples.
  3. Recording of the fluorescence spectra that are produced by the pure metals.
  4. Determination of the energy values of the corresponding fluorescence lines.
  5. Calculation of the concentration levels of the alloy constituents.

Learning objectives

  • Bremsstrahlung
  • Characteristic X-radiation
  • Energy levels
  • Fluorescent yield
  • Auger effect
  • Coherent and incoherent photon scattering
  • Absorption of X-rays
  • Edge absorption
  • Matrix effects
  • Semiconductor energy detectors
  • Multichannel analysers

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