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Also part of:
Article no. 25267-88 | Type: Set
Principle
Negative feedback is used to increase the stability of a
transistor amplifier stage against fluctuations in temperature,
operating voltage, and scattering of characteristic amplification
quantities. This is achieved by feeding back a portion of the
output voltage to the input of the amplifier with reverse phase
position. For the negative current feedback used in this
experiment, the amplified current in the emitter resistor produces
the reverse-phase voltage (proportional to the current) used for
the negative feedback. In a negative voltage feedback, however, a
portion of the amplified voltage from the collector is fed back to
the base of the transistor.
Aside from the desired effects (increasing the stability of
the amplifier, linearisation of its characteristic curve, and
modification of its characteristic quantities), negative feedback
is always accompanied by a decrease in amplification.
The larger the ratio of feedback voltage to output voltage,
the larger the decrease in amplification.
The stabilising effect of negative current feedback can be
understood, assuming, there is a constant control voltage of, for
example, 1 V at the output of the amplifier. This is divided
between the base emitter line and the emitter resistor. Now, if the
emitter current increases due to an increase in temperature or
operating voltage, for example, then the voltage at the emitter
resistor also increases. Consequently, only a small portion of the
connected control voltage is effective for the scattering of the
transistor for the base-emitter line. This counteracts the original
increase in collector current. The same thing happens when an
alternating voltage is used for controlling. Only a portion of the
connected voltage is available for controlling the transistor when
an emitter resistor is in the circuit.
If a capacitor with a proper capacity is connected in parallel
to the emitter resistor, then the negative feedback is canceled in
the case of alternating voltage. This is not true for negative
direct current feedback, though.
Benefits
- No additional cable connections between the building blocks needed - clear arragned and quick setup
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- Corrosion-free gold plated contacts
- Doubled earning sucess: Electric circuit diagram on top, real components can be seen unterside
Tasks
How can a transistor amplifier stage be made insensitive to fluctuations in operating voltage?
Investigate how a transistor amplifier stage reacts when an emitter resistor is added to the circuit.
